- Tutorial
- Release Notes and Announcements
- Release Notes
- Public Image Release Notes
- Announcements
- Updating Some Image Pip Package Management Tools for CentOS 7
- CentOS 8 End of Maintenance
- Discontinuation of Support for SUSE Commercial Images
- Price Reduction in Selected Availability Zones
- OrcaTerm Proxy IP Addresses Updates
- Pay-as-you-go Price Adjustments for Standard S3 CVMs in the Silicon Valley Region
- Vulnerability repairing for Linux images
- Stopping supporting for Ubuntu 10.04 images
- Solution to Tomcat Start Failure on Ubuntu14.04
- Upgrading Virtio network card drive for Windows CVMs
- About Configuration of Security Group Port 53
- Windows Server 2003 System Images End of Support Announcement
- End of Support for Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise Edition SP1 64-bit System Images
- Product Introduction
- Purchase Guide
- Getting Started
- Operation Guide
- Operation Guide Overview
- Use Limits
- Convenience Features
- Instances
- Creating Instances
- Managing Instance Launch Template
- Batch Sequential Naming or Pattern String-Based Naming
- Logging In to Linux Instances
- Logging in to Windows instance
- Adjusting Configuration
- View Instance Details
- Renaming Instances
- Resetting Instance Password
- Managing Instance IPs
- Changing Instance Subnet
- Changing Security Group
- Conversion from Pay-As-You-Go to Monthly Subscription
- Searching for Instances
- Exporting Instance List
- Renewing Instances
- Starting Up Instances
- Shutting Down Instances
- Restarting Instances
- Reinstalling System
- Using Tencent Cloud Automation Tools to execute commands
- Terminating/Returning Instances
- Enabling Instance Termination Protection
- Instance Repossession or Recovering
- Spot Instances
- Querying the Repossession Status of a Spot Instance
- No Charges When Shut Down for Pay-as-You-Go Instances
- Managing Roles
- Enabling and Disabling Hyper-Threading
- Reserved Instances
- Images
- Migrating Servers
- Maintenance Tasks
- Cloud Disks
- Networking
- Security
- Security Groups
- Protection of Sensitive Operations
- Managing Login Password
- Managing SSH Keys
- Spread Placement Group
- Unblocking Port 25
- Tags
- Monitoring and Alarms
- Sample Console Configuration
- Best Practice
- Best Practices
- Choosing the CVM Model
- Setting up a Website
- Building an Environment
- Building a Website
- Building an Application
- Building a Visual GUI
- Data Backup
- Uploading Local Files to CVM
- Copying Local Files to CVMs
- Uploading Files from Windows to a Windows CVM via MSTSC
- Uploading Files from MacOS to Windows CVM Using MRD
- Uploading Files from Linux to Windows CVM using RDP
- Uploading files via WinSCP to a Linux CVM from Windows
- Uploading Files from Linux or MacOS to Linux CVM via SCP
- Uploading Files from Linux to a CVM Using FTP
- Uploading Files from Windows to a CVM Using FTP
- Other CVM Operations
- CVM Access to COS via a Private Network
- Best Practices for Boot Mode Legacy BIOS and UEFI
- Recovering Data on Linux CVMs
- Managing Disk Space on Windows CVMs
- Changing Kernel of a Linux Instance Manually
- Setting Up Windows-based AD Domain on a CVM
- Network Performance Test
- High-throughput Network Performance Test
- Using USB/IP to Share USB Devices in Linux
- Using RemoteFx to Redirect USB Devices in Windows
- Using AVX-512 Instructions to Accelerate AI Applications on CVM
- Building Tencent SGX Confidential Computing Environment
- Configuring Persistent Memory in M6p Instances
- Calling Cloud APIs via Python to Share Custom Images in Batches
- Operations Guide
- Initializing Data Disks
- Environment Configurations
- Installing Software
- User Data
- Work with Operating Systems
- System Activation
- System Updates
- System Shutdown
- Configuring High-performance Power Management
- Windows Recovery Mode
- Updating the Virtio ENI Driver
- Modifying SID
- Modifying VNC Resolution
- Ensuring Unique SIDs for CVMs Using Sysprep
- Use of the atop Monitoring Tools by Linux Instances
- Introduction to Linux Kernel Parameters
- Others
- Troubleshooting
- Instance-Related Failures
- CVM Login Failures
- Windows Instance Login Failures
- Windows Instance Login Failures
- An authentication error occurred when you tried to log in to a Windows instance remotely
- Failed to Reset the CVM Password or the CVM Password Is Invalid
- Connection to a Windows CVM through Remote Desktop was denied
- Requires network-level identity verification
- Problems occurred when you tried to log in to a Windows CVM remotely on Mac
- Failed to log in to a Windows CVM due to high CPU and memory usage
- Failed to connect to a remote computer through Remote Desktop
- Credentials Not Work
- Windows instance: no remote Desktop license server can provide license
- Remote Login Failure Due To Port Issues
- Linux Instance Login Failures
- Linux Instance Login Failures
- Unable to Log in to a Linux Instance via SSH Key
- Failing to log in to a Linux CVM due to high CPU and memory usage
- Remote Login Failure due to Port Issues
- VNC Login Error (Module is Unknown)
- VNC Login Error (Account Locked due to XXX Failed Logins)
- VNC Login Error (Login Failed with Correct Password)
- VNC or SSH Login Error (Permission Denied)
- Login Failure Due to /etc/fstab Configuration Errors
- sshd Configuration File Permissions
- Infinite Loop Call in /etc/profile
- Login Failure Due to Server Isolation
- Login Failure Due to High Bandwidth Occupation
- Remote Connect Failure Due to Security Group Settings
- Troubleshooting Linux Instance Issues via VNC and Rescue Mode
- Failed to shut down or restart a CVM
- Network Namespace Creation Failure
- Kernel and IO Issues
- Missing System bin or lib Soft Link
- Suspected Infection with Virus
- "no space left on device" Error During File Creation
- Linux CVM Memory Issues
- Network Related Failures
- Instance-Related Failures
- API Documentation
- History
- Introduction
- API Category
- Making API Requests
- Region APIs
- Instance APIs
- DescribeInstances
- DescribeInstanceFamilyConfigs
- DescribeZoneInstanceConfigInfos
- DescribeInstanceTypeConfigs
- DescribeInstancesOperationLimit
- DescribeInstanceVncUrl
- InquiryPriceRunInstances
- InquiryPriceResetInstance
- InquiryPriceResetInstancesType
- InquiryPriceResizeInstanceDisks
- RunInstances
- StartInstances
- RebootInstances
- StopInstances
- ResetInstance
- TerminateInstances
- ResetInstancesType
- ResizeInstanceDisks
- ResetInstancesPassword
- ModifyInstancesAttribute
- ModifyInstancesProject
- InquirePricePurchaseReservedInstancesOffering
- DescribeReservedInstancesConfigInfos
- DescribeInstancesStatus
- PurchaseReservedInstancesOffering
- Cloud Hosting Cluster APIs
- Placement Group APIs
- Image APIs
- Key APIs
- Security Group APIs
- Network APIs
- Instance Launch Template APIs
- Data Types
- Error Codes
- FAQs
- Related Agreement
- Glossary
- Tutorial
- Release Notes and Announcements
- Release Notes
- Public Image Release Notes
- Announcements
- Updating Some Image Pip Package Management Tools for CentOS 7
- CentOS 8 End of Maintenance
- Discontinuation of Support for SUSE Commercial Images
- Price Reduction in Selected Availability Zones
- OrcaTerm Proxy IP Addresses Updates
- Pay-as-you-go Price Adjustments for Standard S3 CVMs in the Silicon Valley Region
- Vulnerability repairing for Linux images
- Stopping supporting for Ubuntu 10.04 images
- Solution to Tomcat Start Failure on Ubuntu14.04
- Upgrading Virtio network card drive for Windows CVMs
- About Configuration of Security Group Port 53
- Windows Server 2003 System Images End of Support Announcement
- End of Support for Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise Edition SP1 64-bit System Images
- Product Introduction
- Purchase Guide
- Getting Started
- Operation Guide
- Operation Guide Overview
- Use Limits
- Convenience Features
- Instances
- Creating Instances
- Managing Instance Launch Template
- Batch Sequential Naming or Pattern String-Based Naming
- Logging In to Linux Instances
- Logging in to Windows instance
- Adjusting Configuration
- View Instance Details
- Renaming Instances
- Resetting Instance Password
- Managing Instance IPs
- Changing Instance Subnet
- Changing Security Group
- Conversion from Pay-As-You-Go to Monthly Subscription
- Searching for Instances
- Exporting Instance List
- Renewing Instances
- Starting Up Instances
- Shutting Down Instances
- Restarting Instances
- Reinstalling System
- Using Tencent Cloud Automation Tools to execute commands
- Terminating/Returning Instances
- Enabling Instance Termination Protection
- Instance Repossession or Recovering
- Spot Instances
- Querying the Repossession Status of a Spot Instance
- No Charges When Shut Down for Pay-as-You-Go Instances
- Managing Roles
- Enabling and Disabling Hyper-Threading
- Reserved Instances
- Images
- Migrating Servers
- Maintenance Tasks
- Cloud Disks
- Networking
- Security
- Security Groups
- Protection of Sensitive Operations
- Managing Login Password
- Managing SSH Keys
- Spread Placement Group
- Unblocking Port 25
- Tags
- Monitoring and Alarms
- Sample Console Configuration
- Best Practice
- Best Practices
- Choosing the CVM Model
- Setting up a Website
- Building an Environment
- Building a Website
- Building an Application
- Building a Visual GUI
- Data Backup
- Uploading Local Files to CVM
- Copying Local Files to CVMs
- Uploading Files from Windows to a Windows CVM via MSTSC
- Uploading Files from MacOS to Windows CVM Using MRD
- Uploading Files from Linux to Windows CVM using RDP
- Uploading files via WinSCP to a Linux CVM from Windows
- Uploading Files from Linux or MacOS to Linux CVM via SCP
- Uploading Files from Linux to a CVM Using FTP
- Uploading Files from Windows to a CVM Using FTP
- Other CVM Operations
- CVM Access to COS via a Private Network
- Best Practices for Boot Mode Legacy BIOS and UEFI
- Recovering Data on Linux CVMs
- Managing Disk Space on Windows CVMs
- Changing Kernel of a Linux Instance Manually
- Setting Up Windows-based AD Domain on a CVM
- Network Performance Test
- High-throughput Network Performance Test
- Using USB/IP to Share USB Devices in Linux
- Using RemoteFx to Redirect USB Devices in Windows
- Using AVX-512 Instructions to Accelerate AI Applications on CVM
- Building Tencent SGX Confidential Computing Environment
- Configuring Persistent Memory in M6p Instances
- Calling Cloud APIs via Python to Share Custom Images in Batches
- Operations Guide
- Initializing Data Disks
- Environment Configurations
- Installing Software
- User Data
- Work with Operating Systems
- System Activation
- System Updates
- System Shutdown
- Configuring High-performance Power Management
- Windows Recovery Mode
- Updating the Virtio ENI Driver
- Modifying SID
- Modifying VNC Resolution
- Ensuring Unique SIDs for CVMs Using Sysprep
- Use of the atop Monitoring Tools by Linux Instances
- Introduction to Linux Kernel Parameters
- Others
- Troubleshooting
- Instance-Related Failures
- CVM Login Failures
- Windows Instance Login Failures
- Windows Instance Login Failures
- An authentication error occurred when you tried to log in to a Windows instance remotely
- Failed to Reset the CVM Password or the CVM Password Is Invalid
- Connection to a Windows CVM through Remote Desktop was denied
- Requires network-level identity verification
- Problems occurred when you tried to log in to a Windows CVM remotely on Mac
- Failed to log in to a Windows CVM due to high CPU and memory usage
- Failed to connect to a remote computer through Remote Desktop
- Credentials Not Work
- Windows instance: no remote Desktop license server can provide license
- Remote Login Failure Due To Port Issues
- Linux Instance Login Failures
- Linux Instance Login Failures
- Unable to Log in to a Linux Instance via SSH Key
- Failing to log in to a Linux CVM due to high CPU and memory usage
- Remote Login Failure due to Port Issues
- VNC Login Error (Module is Unknown)
- VNC Login Error (Account Locked due to XXX Failed Logins)
- VNC Login Error (Login Failed with Correct Password)
- VNC or SSH Login Error (Permission Denied)
- Login Failure Due to /etc/fstab Configuration Errors
- sshd Configuration File Permissions
- Infinite Loop Call in /etc/profile
- Login Failure Due to Server Isolation
- Login Failure Due to High Bandwidth Occupation
- Remote Connect Failure Due to Security Group Settings
- Troubleshooting Linux Instance Issues via VNC and Rescue Mode
- Failed to shut down or restart a CVM
- Network Namespace Creation Failure
- Kernel and IO Issues
- Missing System bin or lib Soft Link
- Suspected Infection with Virus
- "no space left on device" Error During File Creation
- Linux CVM Memory Issues
- Network Related Failures
- Instance-Related Failures
- API Documentation
- History
- Introduction
- API Category
- Making API Requests
- Region APIs
- Instance APIs
- DescribeInstances
- DescribeInstanceFamilyConfigs
- DescribeZoneInstanceConfigInfos
- DescribeInstanceTypeConfigs
- DescribeInstancesOperationLimit
- DescribeInstanceVncUrl
- InquiryPriceRunInstances
- InquiryPriceResetInstance
- InquiryPriceResetInstancesType
- InquiryPriceResizeInstanceDisks
- RunInstances
- StartInstances
- RebootInstances
- StopInstances
- ResetInstance
- TerminateInstances
- ResetInstancesType
- ResizeInstanceDisks
- ResetInstancesPassword
- ModifyInstancesAttribute
- ModifyInstancesProject
- InquirePricePurchaseReservedInstancesOffering
- DescribeReservedInstancesConfigInfos
- DescribeInstancesStatus
- PurchaseReservedInstancesOffering
- Cloud Hosting Cluster APIs
- Placement Group APIs
- Image APIs
- Key APIs
- Security Group APIs
- Network APIs
- Instance Launch Template APIs
- Data Types
- Error Codes
- FAQs
- Related Agreement
- Glossary
Overview
This document describes how to use netperf to perform high-throughput performance test on CVM instances.
Tools
Netperf
Developed by HP, this tool is mainly used to test TCP and UDP throughput performance, which reflects the data sending and receiving rate.
SAR
It is used to monitor network traffic. A sample data is as follows:
sar -n DEV 102:41:03 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s02:41:04 PM eth0 1626689.00 8.00 68308.62 1.65 0.00 0.00 0.0002:41:04 PM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0002:41:04 PM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s02:41:05 PM eth0 1599900.00 1.00 67183.30 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.0002:41:05 PM lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Field description
Field | Unit | Description |
rxpck/s | pps | Number of packets received per second; that is, the receiving pps |
txpck/s | pps | Number of packets sent per second; that is, the sending pps |
rxkB/s | kB/s | Receiving bandwidth |
txkB/s | kB/s | Sending bandwidth |
Test Cases and Performance Metrics
Test cases
Test cases | Client command | SAR monitored metrics |
UDP 64 | netperf -t UDP_STREAM -H <server ip> -l 10000 -- -m 64 -R 1 & | PPS |
TCP 1500 | netperf -t TCP_STREAM -H <server ip> -l 10000 -- -m 1500 -R 1 & | Bandwidth |
TCP RR | netperf -t TCP_RR -H <server ip> -l 10000 -- -r 32,128 -R 1 & | PPS |
Performance metrics
Metric | Description |
64-byte UDP packet send and received (packets/sec) | Data throughput of UDP during batch data transfer, which reflects the maximum forwarding capacity of an ENI (data loss may occur). |
1500-byte TCP inbound and outbound bandwidth (Mbits/sec) | Data throughput of TCP during batch data transfer, which reflects the maximum bandwidth capacity of an ENI (data loss may occur). |
TCP-RR (times/sec) | Transaction throughput when multiple request/response communications are made during one TCP persistent connection, which reflects the TCP forwarding capacity without losing any packets. |
Directions
Constructing a test environment
1. Prepare three test servers. You can purchase them as instructed in Customizing Linux CVM Configurations. This document uses CVM instances with CentOS 8.2 installed as an example.
2. Log in to the CVM instances successively and run the following commands to download netperf. For more information on how to log in to the CVM instances, see Logging in to Linux Instance Using Standard Login Method.
yum install -y sysstat wget tar automake make gcc
wget -O netperf-2.7.0.tar.gz -c https://codeload.github.com/HewlettPackard/netperf/tar.gz/netperf-2.7.0
tar zxf netperf-2.7.0.tar.gz
cd netperf-netperf-2.7.0
./autogen.sh && ./configure && make && make install
Testing the packet sending performance
1. Run the following command on each CVM to stop the netperf and netserver processes.
pkill netserver && pkill netperf
2. Use the CVM a as the client, and CVMs b and c as the servers. Run the following command on a server to run netserver.
netserver
If the returned result is as follows, there is another netserver process. In this case, run the command provided in Step 1 to stop the process.
If the returned result is as follows, netserver is running successfully. In this case, go to the next step.
3. Run the commands provided in the test cases on the client to constantly add or reduce netperf processes to reach the client’s maximum packet sending performance.
Note:
Repeatedly run the commands and use different server IP addresses each time. If a process cannot reach its maximum performance, execute the auxiliary script to batch initiate processes.
4. Run the following command on the client to observe the changes in the packet sending performance, and take the maximum value.
sar -n DEV 1
Analyze the result by referring to performance metrics to obtain the CVM high-throughput network performance.
Testing the packet receiving performance
1. Run the following command on each CVM to stop the netperf and netserver processes.
pkill netserver && pkill netperf
2. Use the CVM a as the server, and CVMs b and c as the clients. Run the following command on the server to run netserver.
netserver
If the returned result is as follows, there is another netserver process. In this case, run the command provided in Step 1 to stop the process.
If the returned result is as follows, netserver is running successfully. In this case, go to the next step.
3. Run the commands provided in the test cases on the client to constantly add or reduce netperf processes to reach the client’s maximum packet receiving performance.
Note:
Repeatedly run the commands and start netperf on each client. If a process cannot reach its maximum performance, execute the auxiliary script to batch initiate processes.
4. Run the following command on the server to observe the changes in the server’s packet receiving performance, and take the maximum value.
sar -n DEV 1
Analyze the result by referring to performance metrics to obtain the CVM high-throughput network performance.
Appendix
Auxiliary script
Execute the script to quickly initiate multiple netperf processes.
#!/bin/bashcount=$1for ((i=1;i<=count;i++))doecho "Instance:$i-------"# You can replace the following commands with the client commands provided in test cases.# Enter the server IP address after -H.# Enter the test duration after -l. Set the duration to 10000 to prevent netperf from ending prematurely.netperf -t UDP_STREAM -H <server ip> -l 10000 -- -m 64 -R 1 &done
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