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String Literals
Numeric Literals
Date and Time Literals
Hexadecimal Literals
Bit-Value Literals
Boolean Literals
NULL Values

\\0: an ASCII NUL (X'00') character
\\': a single quote (') character
\\": a double quote (") character
\\b: a backspace character
\\n: a newline (linefeed) character
\\r: a carriage return character
\\t: a tab character
\\z: ASCII 26 (Ctrl+Z)
\\\\: a backslash (\\) character
\\%: \\%
\\_: _

'YYYY-MM-DD' or 'YY-MM-DD'
'YYYYMMDD' or 'YYMMDD'
YYYYMMDD or YYMMDD

For example, '2012-12-31', '2012/12/31', '2012^12^31', '2012@12@31', '20070523', and '070523'. 

'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS' or 'YY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS'
'YYYYMMDDHHMMSS' or 'YYMMDDHHMMSS'
YYYYMMDDHHMMSS or YYMMDDHHMMSS 

For example, '2012-12-31 11:30:45', '2012^12^31 11+30+45', '2012/12/31 11*30*45', '2012@12@31 11^30^45', and 19830905132800. 

X'01AF'
X'01af'
x'01AF'
x'01af'
0x01AF
0x01af

b'01'
B'01'
0b01

mysql>  SELECT TRUE, true, FALSE, false;
+------+------+-------+-------+
| TRUE | TRUE | FALSE | FALSE |
+------+------+-------+-------+
|    1 |    1 |     0 |     0 |
+------+------+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> show character set;
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset  | Description                     | Default collation   | Maxlen |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese        | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |
| dec8     | DEC West European               | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| cp850    | DOS West European               | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |
| hp8      | HP West European                | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |
| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian           | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin1   | cp1252 West European            | latin1_swedish_ci   |      1 |
| latin2   | ISO 8859-2 Central European     | latin2_general_ci   |      1 |
| swe7     | 7bit Swedish                    | swe7_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| ascii    | US ASCII                        | ascii_general_ci    |      1 |
| ujis     | EUC-JP Japanese                 | ujis_japanese_ci    |      3 |
| sjis     | Shift-JIS Japanese              | sjis_japanese_ci    |      2 |
| hebrew   | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew               | hebrew_general_ci   |      1 |
| tis620   | TIS620 Thai                     | tis620_thai_ci      |      1 |
| euckr    | EUC-KR Korean                   | euckr_korean_ci     |      2 |
| koi8u    | KOI8-U Ukrainian                | koi8u_general_ci    |      1 |
| gb2312   | GB2312 Simplified Chinese       | gb2312_chinese_ci   |      2 |
| greek    | ISO 8859-7 Greek                | greek_general_ci    |      1 |
| cp1250   | Windows Central European        | cp1250_general_ci   |      1 |
| gbk      | GBK Simplified Chinese          | gbk_chinese_ci      |      2 |
| latin5   | ISO 8859-9 Turkish              | latin5_turkish_ci   |      1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian              | armscii8_general_ci |      1 |
| utf8     | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8_general_ci     |      3 |
| ucs2     | UCS-2 Unicode                   | ucs2_general_ci     |      2 |
| cp866    | DOS Russian                     | cp866_general_ci    |      1 |
| keybcs2  | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak      | keybcs2_general_ci  |      1 |
| macce    | Mac Central European            | macce_general_ci    |      1 |
| macroman | Mac West European               | macroman_general_ci |      1 |
| cp852    | DOS Central European            | cp852_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin7   | ISO 8859-13 Baltic              | latin7_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf8mb4  | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8mb4_general_ci  |      4 |
| cp1251   | Windows Cyrillic                | cp1251_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf16    | UTF-16 Unicode                  | utf16_general_ci    |      4 |
| utf16le  | UTF-16LE Unicode                | utf16le_general_ci  |      4 |
| cp1256   | Windows Arabic                  | cp1256_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1257   | Windows Baltic                  | cp1257_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf32    | UTF-32 Unicode                  | utf32_general_ci    |      4 |
| binary   | Binary pseudo charset           | binary              |      1 |
| geostd8  | GEOSTD8 Georgian                | geostd8_general_ci  |      1 |
| cp932    | SJIS for Windows Japanese       | cp932_japanese_ci   |      2 |
| eucjpms  | UJIS for Windows Japanese       | eucjpms_japanese_ci |      3 |
| gb18030  | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci  |      4 |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
41 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> show variables like "%char%";
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                               |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1                                              |
| character_set_connection | latin1                                              |
| character_set_database   | utf8                                                |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                              |
| character_set_results    | latin1                                              |
| character_set_server     | utf8                                                |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                                |
| character_sets_dir       | /data/tdsql_run/8812/percona-5.7.17/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

mysql> set names utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> show variables like "%char%";
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                               |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                                                |
| character_set_connection | utf8                                                |
| character_set_database   | utf8                                                |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                              |
| character_set_results    | utf8                                                |
| character_set_server     | utf8                                                |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                                |
| character_sets_dir       | /data/tdsql_run/8811/percona-5.7.17/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

mysql> show variables like '%time_zone%';
+------------------+--------+
| Variable_name    | Value  |
+------------------+--------+
| system_time_zone | CST    |
| time_zone        | SYSTEM |
+------------------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table test.tt (ts timestamp, dt datetime,c int) shardkey=c;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.49 sec)

mysql>  insert into test.tt (ts,dt,c)values ('2017-10-01 12:12:12', '2017-10-01 12:12:12',1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> select * from test.tt;
+---------------------+---------------------+------+
| ts                  | dt                  | c    |
+---------------------+---------------------+------+
| 2017-10-01 12:12:12 | 2017-10-01 12:12:12 |    1 |
+---------------------+---------------------+------+
1 row in set (0.04 sec)

mysql> set time_zone = '+12:00';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like '%time_zone%';
+------------------+--------+
| Variable_name    | Value  |
+------------------+--------+
| system_time_zone | CST    |
| time_zone        | +12:00 |
+------------------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test.tt;
+---------------------+---------------------+------+
| ts                  | dt                  | c    |
+---------------------+---------------------+------+
| 2017-10-01 16:12:12 | 2017-10-01 12:12:12 |    1 |
+---------------------+---------------------+------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)

CHAR and VARCHAR
BINARY and VARBINARY
BLOB and TEXT
    TINYBLOB, TINYTEXT, MEDIUMBLOB, MEDIUMTEXT, LONGBLOB, and LONGTEXT
ENUM
SET

DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP
TIME
YEAR

GEOMETRY
POINT
LINESTRING
POLYGON

MULTIPOINT
MULTILINESTRING
MULTIPOLYGON
GEOMETRYCOLLECTION

mysql>  CREATE TABLE t1 (jdoc JSON,a int) shardkey=a;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.30 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO t1 (jdoc,a)VALUES('{"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}',1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO t1 (jdoc,a)VALUES('{"key1": "value1", "key2": 2}',2);

mysql> INSERT INTO t1 (jdoc,a)VALUES('[1, 2,',5);
ERROR 3140 (22032): Invalid JSON text: "Invalid value." at position 6 in value for column 't1.jdoc'.

mysql> select * from t1;
+--------------------------------------+---+
| jdoc                                 | a |
+--------------------------------------+---+
| {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"} | 1 |
| {"key1": "value1", "key2": 2}        | 2 |
+--------------------------------------+---+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)