This document describes how to create an image of the system disk of a Linux server.
Check the following before you start:
NoteIf you need to prepare and export a data disk image, skip this operation.
sudo parted -l /dev/sda | grep 'Partition Table'
msdos
is returned, it's an MBR partition and you can proceed to the next step.gpt
is returned, it's a GPT partition, which is not supported for service migration. In this case, submit a ticket for assistance.sudo ls /sys/firmware/efi
Check system-critical files, including but not limited to the following:
NoteFollow the distribution standards to ensure that the paths and permissions of the system-critical files are correct and the files can be read and written normally.
/etc/grub2.cfg
: It’s recommended to use uuid in the kernel
parameter for root mounting. Other methods (such as root=/dev/sda
) may cause a system startup failure. The mounting steps are as follows:/root
.df -TH
Obtain the file system name in the result as shown below. In this document, the file system name of the /root
is /dev/vda1
.
2. Run the following command to get the UUID.
blkid /dev/vda1
3. Run the following command to use VI editor to open the `/etc/fstab` file.NoteThe file system UUID is not fixed. Confirm and update it regularly. For example, after the file system is formatted, its UUID will change.
vi /etc/fstab
4. Press **i** to enter edit mode.
5. Move the cursor to the end of the file, press **Enter**, and add the following content according to the example above:
UUID=d489ca1c-xxxx-4536-81cb-ceb2847f9954 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
6. Press **ESC**, enter **:wq**, and press **Enter** to save the configuration and exit the editor.
/etc/fstab
: Do not attach other disks here, which may cause the system startup failure after migration because the disk is not found./etc/shadow
: Granted with the read-write permissions.Uninstall the conflicting drivers and software (including VMware tools, Xen tools, Virtualbox GuestAdditions, and other software that comes with underlying drivers).
For more information, see Checking Virtio Drivers in Linux.
For more information, see Installing Cloud-Init on Linux.
After the migration to the cloud, hardware changes include but are not limited to:
Run the following command to query the current OS partition format and determine the partitions to be copied and their sizes.
mount
A result similar to the following is returned:
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
sys on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
dev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=4080220k,nr_inodes=1020055,mode=755)
run on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,mode=755)
/dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/unified type cgroup2 (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nsdelegate)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,rdma)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
systemd-1 on /home/libin/work_doc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=33,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=12692)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=39,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=12709)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,pagesize=2M)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /run/user/1000 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=817176k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=100)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/1000/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=100)
According to the result, the root partition resides in /dev/sda1
, no independent partitions reside in /boot
or /home
, sda1 contains the boot partition, and mbr is missing. Therefore, we only need to copy the entire sda.
Note
- The exported image should contain at least the root partition and mbr. If mbr is missing, the operating system cannot be started.
- If
/boot
and/home
are independent partitions in the current operating system, the exported image should also contain them.
Choose the appropriate image export method as needed.
For details about how to use the image export tools of virtualization platforms, such as VMWare vCenter Convert and Citrix XenConvert, see the tool documentations on these platforms.
NoteTencent Cloud Service Migration supports images in qcow2, vhd, raw, and vmdk formats.
Refer to Image Format Conversion and use qemu-img
to convert the original image into a supported format.
NoteThe image file system that you prepare may be corrupted because you prepared the image without stopping the service or due to other reasons. Therefore, we recommend that you check the image after preparing it.
If the image format is supported by the current platform, you can directly open and check the image file system. For example, the Windows platform supports VHD images, the Linux platform allows you to use qemu-nbd
to open QCOW2 images, and the Xen platform allows you to directly open VHD files. This document uses the Linux platform as an example:
modprobe nbd
lsmod | grep nbd
If a result similar to the following is returned, the nbd component exists. If nothing is returned, check whether the kernel compilation option CONFIG_BLK_DEV_NBD
is enabled. If not, enable it or change the system before compiling the kernel again.
2. Run the following commands in sequence to check the image.
qemu-nbd -c /dev/nbd0 xxxx.qcow2
mount /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt
After you run the qemu-nbd
command, /dev/nbd0
maps to xxx.qcow2
, and /dev/nbd0p1
indicates the first partition of the virtual disk. If nbd0p1 does not exist or mount fails, the image may be incorrect.
You can also start the CVM to check whether the image file works before uploading the image.
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