Overview

The LNMP environment is a website server architecture consisting of Nginx, MySQL or MariaDB, and PHP running on Linux. This document describes how to manually set up the LNMP environment on a Tencent Cloud CVM.

To manually set up the LNMP environment, you should familiarize yourself with common Linux commands such as installing software via YUM in CentOS, and understand the usage and version compatibility of the software to be installed.

Sample Software Versions

In this example, the following software versions are used to build the LNMP environment:
CentOS is a distribution of the Linux operating system. This document uses CentOS 6.9 as an example.
Nginx is a web server. This document uses Nginx 1.17.5 as an example.
MySQL is a database software. This document uses MySQL 5.1.73 as an example.
PHP is a scripting language. This document uses PHP 7.1.32 as an example.

Prerequisites

Setting up a LNMP environment requires a Linux CVM. If you have not purchased a Linux CVM yet, see Customizing Linux CVM Configurations.

Directions

Step 1: log in to a Linux instance

• Log in to a Linux instance using the standard login method (recommended). You can also use other login methods that you are more comfortable with:
• Log in to a Linux instance using remote login software.
• Log in to a Linux instance using SSH.

Step 2: install Nginx

1. Run the following command to create a file named nginx.repo under /etc/yum.repos.d/.

   vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

2. Press i to switch to the editing mode and enter the following.

   [nginx]
   name=nginx repo
   baseurl=https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/6/$basearch/
   gpgcheck=0
   enabled=1

3. Press Esc and enter :wq to save and close the file.
4. Run the following command to install Nginx.

   yum install -y nginx

5. Run the following command to open nginx.conf.

   vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

6. Press i to switch to the editing mode, and edit the nginx.conf file.
7. Find server{...} and replace the content inside the curly brackets with the following. This is to cancel the listening of the IPv6 address and configure Nginx to realize linkage with PHP.

   server {
    listen       80;
    root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    server_name  localhost;
    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log  main;
    #
    location / {
          index index.php index.html index.htm;
    }
    #error_page  404              /404.html;
    #redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
      root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
    #pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    location ~ .php$ {
      fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index  index.php;
      fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
      include        fastcgi_params;
    }
   }

   If you cannot find server{...} in the nginx.conf file, add the content of the server{...} at the top of include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*conf;, as shown below:
   
8. Press Esc and enter :wq to save and close the file.
9. Run the following command to start Nginx.

   service nginx start

10. Run the following commands to automatically launch Nginx at startup.

    chkconfig --add nginx

    chkconfig  nginx on

11. In a local browser, visit the following URL to verify that the Nginx service is working properly.

    http://[Public IP address of the CVM instance]

    If the following appears, Nginx has been successfully installed and configured.
    

Step 3: install a database

1. Run the following command to check whether MySQL has been already installed.

   rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

   • If the following appears, MySQL has already been installed.
     
     To avoid conflicts between different versions, run the following command to remove the existing MySQL.

     yum -y remove [Package name]

   • If nothing is returned, MySQL has not been installed. In this case, proceed to the next step.
2. Run the following command to install MySQL.

   yum install -y mysql-devel.x86_64 mysql-server.x86_64 mysql-libs.x86_64

3. Run the following command to start MySQL.

   service mysqld start 

4. Run the following commands to automatically launch MySQL at startup.

   chkconfig --add mysqld

   chkconfig mysqld  on 

5. Run the following command to verify whether MySQL has been successfully installed.

   mysql

   If the following appears, MySQL has been successfully installed.
   
6. Run the following command to exit MySQL.

   \q

Step 4: install and configure PHP

1. Run the following commands to update the software source of PHP in Yum.

   rpm -Uvh https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm

   rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el6/latest.rpm

2. Run the following command to install the packages required for PHP 7.1.32.

   yum -y install mod_php71w.x86_64 php71w-cli.x86_64 php71w-common.x86_64 php71w-mysqlnd php71w-fpm.x86_64

3. Run the following command to start the PHP-FPM service.

   service php-fpm start

4. Run the following commands to automatically launch PHP-FPM at startup.

   chkconfig --add php-fpm  

   chkconfig php-fpm on

Verifying the Environment Configuration

1. Run the following command to create a test file.

   echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" >> /usr/share/nginx/html/index.php

2. Run the following command to restart Nginx.

   service nginx restart

3. In a local browser, visit the following URL to check whether the environment has been successfully configured.

   http://[Public IP address of the CVM instance]

   If the following appears, the environment has been successfully configured.
   

Relevant Operations

After the LNMP environment is built, you can manually build a WordPress website to familiarize yourself with CVM and its features.

FAQs

If you encounter a problem when using CVM, refer to the following documents for troubleshooting as needed:

• For issues regarding CVM login, see Password Login and SSH Key Login and Login and Remote Access.
• For issues regarding the CVM network, see IP Address and Port.
• For issues regarding CVM disks, see System and Data Disks.