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Manually Building an LNMP Environment (CentOS 7)

Last updated: 2020-05-08 12:35:19

Scenario

LNMP refers to a common web server architecture consisting of Nginx, MySQL or MariaDB, and PHP running on Linux. This article describes how to deploy LNMP on a Tencent Cloud Virtual Machine (CVM).

To manually build an LNMP environment, you need to be familiar with Linux commands (see Installing Software by Using YUM in a CentOS Environment for some examples), usage, and version compatibility of the software to be installed.

Sample Software Versions

In this example, the following software versions are used to build the LNMP environment:

Linux: Linux operating system. In this example, CentOS 7.6 is used.
Nginx: web server. In this example, Nginx 1.17.7 is used.
MariaDB: database. In this example, MariaDB 10.4.8 is used.
PHP: scripting language. In this example, PHP 7.2.22 is used.

Prerequisites

You have purchased a Linux CVM.

Directions

Step 1: Logging in to a Linux instance

Log in to a Linux instance in standard mode (recommended). You can also use other login methods based on your requirements:

Step 2: Installing Nginx

Run the following command to create a file named nginx.repo under /etc/yum.repos.d/.
```
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
```

Press i to switch to the editing mode and enter the following.

[nginx] 
name = nginx repo 
baseurl = https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/7/$basearch/ 
gpgcheck = 0 
enabled = 1

Press Esc, enter :wq, and save the file and return.
Run the following command to install Nginx.
```
yum install -y nginx
```
Run the following command to open nginx.conf.
```
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
```
Press i to switch to the editing mode, and edit the nginx.conf file.

Find server{...} and replace the string inside the curly brackets with the following. This is to cancel the listening of IPv6 address and configure Nginx to realize linkage with PHP.

You can use Ctrl+F for page down and Ctrl+B for page up to view the file.

server {
 listen       80;
 root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
 server_name  localhost;
 #charset koi8-r;
 #access_log  /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log  main;
 #
 location / {
       index index.php index.html index.htm;
 }
 #error_page  404              /404.html;
 #redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
 #
 error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
 location = /50x.html {
   root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
 }
 #pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
 #
 location ~ .php$ {
   fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
   fastcgi_index  index.php;
   fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
   include        fastcgi_params;
 }
}

If you cannot find server{...} in nginx.conf, add the following before include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*conf;, as shown in the following figure:

Press Esc, enter :wq, and save the file and return.
Run the following command to launch Nginx.
```
systemctl start nginx
```
Run the following command to configure the automatic launch of Nginx on startup.
```
systemctl enable nginx 
```
In a local browser, visit the following URL to verify that the Nginx service is working properly.
```
http://<Public IP address of the CVM instance>
```
If the following appears, Nginx has been successfully installed and configured.

Step 3: Installing a database

Run the following command to check if MariaDB is already installed.
```
rpm -qa | grep -i mariadb
```
- If the following appears, MariaDB has been installed.
  
  To avoid conflicts between different versions, run the following command to remove the installed MariaDB.
```
yum -y remove <Package name>
```
- If the returned result is empty, MariaDB is not installed. In this case, proceed to the next step.
Run the following command to create the MariaDB.repo file under /etc/yum.repos.d/.
```
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo
```

Press i to switch to the editing mode and enter the following to add MariaDB.

Different operating systems use different versions of MariaDB. For installation information about other operating system versions, visit the MariaDB website.

# MariaDB 10.4 CentOS repository list - created 2019-11-05 11:56 UTC
# http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.4/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

Press Esc, enter :wq, and save the file and return.

Run the following command to install MariaDB.

yum -y install MariaDB-client MariaDB-server

Run the following command to launch the MariaDB service.
```
systemctl start mariadb
```
Run the following command to configure the automatic launch of MariaDB on startup.
```
systemctl enable mariadb
```
Run the following command to verify that MariaDB is successfully installed.
```
mysql
```
If the following appears, MariaDB has been successfully installed.
Run the following command to exit MariaDB.
```
\q
```

Step 4: Installing and configuring PHP

Run the following commands to update the software source of PHP in Yum.

rpm -Uvh https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

Run the following command to install the packages required for PHP 7.2.

yum -y install mod_php72w.x86_64 php72w-cli.x86_64 php72w-common.x86_64 php72w-mysqlnd php72w-fpm.x86_64

Run the following command to launch the PHP-FPM service.
```
systemctl start php-fpm
```
Run the following command to configure the automatic launch of PHP-FPM service on startup.
```
systemctl enable php-fpm
```

Verifying Your Setup

After finishing the environment configuration, complete the following steps to verify that the LNMP environment has been built successfully.

Run the following command to create a test file.

echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" >> /usr/share/nginx/html/index.php

Run the following command to restart the Nginx service.
```
systemctl restart nginx
```
In a local browser, visit the following URL to check whether the environment configuration is successful.
```
http://<Public IP address of the CVM instance>
```
If the following results appear, the environment configuration was successful.