Manually Building an LNMP Environment (CentOS 7)

Operation Scenario

The LNMP environment is a website server architecture consisting of Nginx, MySQL or MariaDB, and PHP in a Linux system. This document describes how to manually build an LNMP environment on a Tencent Cloud Virtual Machine (CVM).

To manually build an LNMP environment, you need to be familiar with common Linux commands (see Installing Software via YUM Under a CentOS Environment for some examples) and the usage and version compatibility of the software to be installed.

Software Versions

In this example, the software versions used to build the LNMP environment are as follows:

• Linux: Linux operating system. In this example, CentOS 7.6 is used.
• Nginx: a web server. In this example, Nginx 1.17.5 is used.
• MariaDB: a database product. In this example, MariaDB 10.4.8 is used.
• PHP: a scripting language. In this example, PHP 7.2.22 is used.

Prerequisites

You have purchased a Linux CVM. If you have not purchased one yet, see Getting Started with Linux CVMs.

Directions

Step 1: Logging In to a Linux Instance

• Log in to a Linux instance in standard login mode (recommended). You can also use other login methods that you are comfortable with:
• Log in to a Linux instance by using remote login software.
• Log in to a Linux instance through SSH.

Step 2: Installing Nginx

1. Run the following command to create a file named nginx.repo under /etc/yum.repos.d/.

   vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

2. Press i to switch to the editing mode and enter the following.

   [nginx] 
   name = nginx repo 
   baseurl = https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/7/$basearch/ 
   gpgcheck = 0 
   enabled = 1

3. Press Esc, enter :wq, and save the file and return.
4. Run the following command to install Nginx.

   yum install -y nginx

5. Run the following command to open the nginx.conf file.

   vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

6. Press i to switch to the editing mode, and edit the nginx.conf file.
   This cancels the monitoring of IPv6 addresses and configures Nginx to interact with PHP.

   Search for #gzip on; in the nginx.conf file, and enter the following in a new line.

   server {
    listen       80;
    root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    server_name  localhost;
    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log  main;
    #
    location / {
          index index.php index.html index.htm;
    }
    #error_page  404              /404.html;
    #redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
      root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
    #pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    location ~ .php$ {
      fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index  index.php;
      fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
      include        fastcgi_params;
    }
   }

7. Press Esc, enter :wq, and save the file and return.
8. Run the following command to start Nginx.

   systemctl start nginx

9. Run the following command to set Nginx to start automatically.

   systemctl enable nginx 

10. In a local browser, visit the following URL to verify that the Nginx service is working properly.

    http://[Public IP address of the CVM instance]

    If the following appears, Nginx has been successfully installed and configured.
    

Step 3: Installing a Database Product

1. Run the following command to check whether MariaDB has been installed in the system.

   rpm -qa | grep -i mariadb

   • If the following results are returned, MariaDB already exists.
     
     To avoid conflicts between different versions, run the following command to remove the installed MariaDB.

     yum -y remove [Package name]

   • If nothing is returned, MariaDB is not installed. In this case, proceed to the next step.
2. Run the following command to create the MariaDB.repo file under /etc/yum.repos.d/.

   vi /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo

3. Press i to switch to the editing mode and enter the following.

   # MariaDB 10.4 CentOS repository list - created 2019-11-05 11:56 UTC
   # http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
   [mariadb]
   name = MariaDB
   baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.4/centos7-amd64
   gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
   gpgcheck=1

   For installation information for other operating system versions, visit the MariaDB official website.

4. Press Esc, enter :wq, and save the file and return.
5. Run the following command to install MariaDB.

   yum -y install MariaDB-client MariaDB-server

6. Run the following command to start the MariaDB service.

   systemctl start mariadb

7. Run the following command to set MariaDB to start automatically.

   systemctl enable mariadb

8. Run the following command to verify that MariaDB is successfully installed.

   mysql

   If the following result appears, MariaDB has been successfully installed.
   
9. Run the following command to exit MariaDB.

   \q

Step 4: Installing and Configuring PHP

1. Run the following commands to update the software source of PHP in Yum.

   rpm -Uvh https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

   rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

2. Run the following command to install the packages required for PHP 7.2.

   yum -y install mod_php72w.x86_64 php72w-cli.x86_64 php72w-common.x86_64 php72w-mysqlnd php72w-fpm.x86_64

3. Run the following command to start the PHP-FPM service.

   systemctl start php-fpm

4. Run the following command to set the PHP-FPM service to start automatically.

   systemctl enable php-fpm

Verifying the Environment Configuration

After finishing the environment configuration, complete the following steps to verify that the LNMP environment has been built successfully.

1. Run the following command to create a test file.

   echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" >> /usr/share/nginx/html/index.php

2. Run the following command to restart the Nginx service.

   systemctl restart nginx

3. In a local browser, visit the following URL to check whether the environment configuration was successful.

   http://[Public IP address of the CVM instance]

   If the following results appear, the environment configuration was successful.
   

Related Operations

After the LNMP environment is built, you can manually construct a WordPress website to have a better understanding of CVM features.

FAQs

If you encounter a problem when using CVM, refer to the following documents for troubleshooting based on your actual situation.

• For issues about CVM login, see Password Login and SSH Key Login and Login and Remote Access.
• For issues about the CVM network, see IP Addresses and Ports and Security Groups.
• For issues about CVM disks, see System and Data Disks.