Overview

The LNMP environment is a website server architecture consisting of Nginx, MySQL or MariaDB, and PHP running on Linux. This document describes how to manually set up the LNMP environment on a Tencent Cloud CVM.

To manually set up the LNMP environment, you should familiarize yourself with common Linux commands such as installing software via YUM in CentOS, and understand the usage and version compatibility of the software to be installed.

Software

The following software is used to build the LNMP environment.

• Linux: Linux operating system. This document uses CentOS 7.6 as an example.
• Nginx: web server. This document uses Nginx 1.17.7 as an example.
• MariaDB: database. This document uses MariaDB 10.4.8 as an example.
• PHP: scripting language. This document uses PHP 7.2.22 as an example.

Prerequisites

You have purchased a Linux CVM.

Directions

Step 1: log in to a Linux instance

See Logging in to Linux Instance Using WebShell (Recommended). You can also use other login methods that you are more comfortable with:

• Logging in to Linux Instance via Remote Login Tools.
• Logging in to Linux Instance via SSH Key.

Step 2: install Nginx

1. Run the following command to create a file named nginx.repo under /etc/yum.repos.d/.

   vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

2. Press i to switch to edit mode and enter the following content:

   [nginx] 
   name = nginx repo 
   baseurl = https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/7/$basearch/ 
   gpgcheck = 0 
   enabled = 1

3. Press Esc and enter :wq to save and close the file.
4. Run the following command to install Nginx.

   yum install -y nginx

5. Run the following command to open nginx.conf.

   vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

6. Press i to switch to edit mode and modify the nginx.conf file.
7. Find server{...} and replace the content inside the curly brackets with the following. This is to cancel the listening of the IPv6 address and configure Nginx to realize linkage with PHP.

   Note：

   Press Ctrl+F for page down and Ctrl+B for page up.

   server {
    listen       80;
    root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    server_name  localhost;
    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log  main;
    #
    location / {
          index index.php index.html index.htm;
    }
    #error_page  404              /404.html;
    #redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
      root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
    #pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    location ~ .php$ {
      fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index  index.php;
      fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
      include        fastcgi_params;
    }
   }

   If you cannot find server{...} in the nginx.conf file, add the server{...} content above to the top of include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*conf;, as shown below:
   
8. Press Esc and enter :wq to save and close the file.
9. Run the following command to start Nginx.

   systemctl start nginx

10. Run the following command to enable Nginx autostart.

    systemctl enable nginx 

11. Enter the following URL in your local browser and verify whether the Nginx service is working properly.

    http://[Public IP address of the CVM instance]

    If the following appears, Nginx has been successfully installed and configured.
    

Step 3: install a database

1. Run the following command to check whether MariaDB has been installed in the system.

   rpm -qa | grep -i mariadb

   • If the following appears, MariaDB is already installed.
     
     To avoid conflicts between different versions, run the following command to remove the installed MariaDB.

     yum -y remove [Package name]

   • If the returned result is empty, MariaDB is not installed. In this case, proceed to the next step.
2. Execute the following command to create the MariaDB.repo file under /etc/yum.repos.d/.

   vi /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo

3. Press i to switch to edit mode and enter the following content to add MariaDB.

   Note：

   • Different operating systems require different versions of MariaDB. Download MariaDB that is compatible with your operating system.
   • If your CVM has private network access, change mirrors.cloud.tencent.com to the private network address mirrors.tencentyun.com. In this way, your public network traffic will not be affected and the access is faster.

   # MariaDB 10.4 CentOS repository list - created 2019-11-05 11:56 UTC
   # http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
   [mariadb]
   name = MariaDB
   baseurl = https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/mariadb/yum/10.4/centos7-amd64
   gpgkey=https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/mariadb/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
   gpgcheck=1

4. Press Esc and enter :wq to save and close the file.
5. Run the following command to install MariaDB. The installation may take quite a while.

   yum -y install MariaDB-client MariaDB-server

6. Run the following command to start the MariaDB service.

   systemctl start mariadb

7. Run the following command to enable MariaDB autostart.

   systemctl enable mariadb

8. Run the following command to verify that MariaDB is successfully installed.

   mysql

   If the following appears, MariaDB has been successfully installed.
   
9. Run the following command to exit MariaDB.

   \q

Step 4: install and configure PHP

1. Run the following commands to update the software source of PHP in Yum.

   rpm -Uvh https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

   rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

2. Run the following command to install the packages required for PHP 7.2.

   yum -y install mod_php72w.x86_64 php72w-cli.x86_64 php72w-common.x86_64 php72w-mysqlnd php72w-fpm.x86_64

3. Run the following command to start the PHP-FPM service.

   systemctl start php-fpm

4. Run the following command to enable PHP-FPM autostart.

   systemctl enable php-fpm

Verifying the Environment Configuration

Follow these steps to verify that the LNMP environment has been built successfully.

1. Run the following command to create a test file.

   echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" >> /usr/share/nginx/html/index.php

2. Run the following command to restart the Nginx service.

   systemctl restart nginx

3. Enter the following URL in a local browser to check whether the environment configuration is successful.

   http://[Public IP address of the CVM instance]

   If the following appears, the environment has been successfully configured.
   

Relevant Operations

After the LNMP environment is built, you can manually build a WordPress website to familiarize yourself with CVM and its features.

FAQs

If you encounter a problem when using CVM, refer to the following documents for troubleshooting as needed:

• For issues regarding CVM login, see Password Login and SSH Key Login and Login and Remote Access.
• For issues regarding the CVM network, see IP Address and Port.
• For issues regarding CVM disks, see System and Data Disks.