A CVM must have a kernel supporting virtio drivers (including the block device driver virtio_blk and NIC driver virtio_net) in order to run on Tencent Cloud. CVMs whose kernels do not have the virtio_blk driver must include this driver in the file initramfs (or initrd) for normal operation. This document describes how to check and repair the support for virtio drivers before importing images.
Checking Whether Virtio Drivers are Supported in the Kernel
The following takes Centos7 as an example to illustrates how to check whether virtio driver are supported in the current kernel.
(1) Check whether virtio drivers are support in the kernel
grep -i virtio /boot/config-$(uname -r)
As shown in the figure below, virtio_blk and virtio_net drivers are compiled as modules in the kernel. (CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK=m means to compilevirtio_blk as a module in the kernel and CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK=y means to compile virtio_blk into the kernel) If no information on the virtio_net or virtio_blk drivers is found in this step, the image cannot be imported to Tencent Cloud.
If the kernel supports both virtio_blk and virtio_net drivers, and the virtio_blk driver is compiled into the kernel (CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK=y), the kernel supports importing without confirmation. If the virtio_blk driver is compiled as a module in the kernel (CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK=m), confirmation is required to ensure that the virtio_blk driver is properly included in the initramfs (or initrd) file.
(2) Check for the virtio_blk driver in initramfs
lsinitrd /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img | grep virtio
As shown in the figure below, initramfs contains the virtio_blk driver and the dependent virtio.ko, virtio_pci.ko, and virtio_ring.ko, which means all the neccesary components are included in initramfs. In this case, the image can be imported.
(3) If no virtio information is found in initramfs, you must recreate the initramfs file.
1) Operations in CentOS 7
cp /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img.bak
mkinitrd -f --with=virtio_blk --with=virtio_pci /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img $(uname -r)
2) Operations in Redhat5/Centos5
a. Check for the driver information in the initrd file, as shown below:
mkdir -p /tmp/initrd && cd /tmp/initrd
zcat /boot/initrd-$(uname -r).img | cpio -idmv
find . -name "virtio*"
b. If necessary, execute the following command to recreate the initrd file.
cp /boot/initrd-$(uname -r).img /boot/initrd-$(uname -r).img.bak
mkinitrd -f --with=virtio_blk --with=virtio_pci /boot/initrd-$(uname -r).img $(uname -r)
3) Operations in Debian/Ubuntu
a. Check for the virtio driver
lsinitramfs /boot/initrd.img-$(uname -r) | grep virtio
b. If initramfs does not contain the driver, follow the procedure below to repair it.
echo -e "virtio_pci\nvirtio_blk" >> /etc/initramfs-tools/modules
update-initramfs -u