Note：

When adding access policies to a sub-user or collaborator, please be sure to grant the minimum set of API access permissions needed to satisfy your business needs. There may be data security risks associated with granting excessive access to all of your resources (resource:*) or all operations (action:*).

Overview

An access policy which employs the JSON-based access policy language is used to grant access to COS resources. You can authorize a specified principal to perform actions on a specified COS resource through the access policy language.

The language describes the basic elements and usage of a bucket policy. For more information, see CAM Policy Management.

Elements in an Access Policy

The access policy language contains the following basic elements:

• principal: describes the entity to be authorized by the policy. This includes users (root accounts, sub-accounts, anonymous users), and user groups. This element can only be used in bucket access policies, rather than user access policies.
• statement: describes the detailed information of one or more permissions. This element includes a permission or a permission set of multiple elements such as effect, action, resource, and condition. A policy has only one statement.
• effect: describes the result of a statement. The result can be "allow" or an explicit "deny". This element is required.
• action: describes the allowed or denied operation. An operation can be an API (described using the prefix "name") or a feature set (a set of specific APIs prefixed with "permid"). This element is required.
• resource: describes the resource to which the permission applies. A resource is described in a six-segment format. Detailed resource definitions vary by product. For more information on how to specify a resource, see the documentation for the product whose resources you are writing a statement for. This element is required.
• condition: describes the condition for the policy to take effect. A condition consists of operator, action key, and action value. A condition value may contain information such as time and IP address. Some services allow you to specify additional values in a condition. This element is optional.

How to Use Elements

Specifying a principal

A principal is used to specify the user, account, service, or another entity that is allowed or not allowed to access resources. It only works in buckets, and is not required in user policies because these policies are directly added to the specific user. The following example specifies a principal.

"principal": {
"qcs": [
"qcs::cam::uin/100000000001:uin/100000000001"
]
}

Grant permissions to an anonymous user:

"principal": {
"qcs": [
"qcs::cam::anonymous:anonymous"
]
}

Grant permissions to a root account (UIN: 100000000001):

"principal": {
"qcs": [
"qcs::cam::uin/100000000001:uin/100000000001"
]
}

Grant permissions to a sub-account (UIN: 100000000011) under the root account (UIN: 100000000001):

Note：

Before performing the operation, make sure that the sub-account has been added to the sub-account list of the root account.

"principal": {
"qcs": [
"qcs::cam::uin/100000000001:uin/100000000011"
]
}

Specifying an effect

If you don't explicitly grant access to (allow) a resource, access is implicitly denied (deny). You can also deny access to a resource, which you might do to make sure that a user cannot access it, even if a different policy grants access. The following example specifies an allow effect.

"effect" : "allow"

Specifying an action

COS defines actions that you can specify in a policy. The actions are exactly the same as COS API operations. The following lists only part of the actions on buckets and objects. For more information, see Operation List.

Actions on buckets

Action	API
name/cos:GetService	GET Service
name/cos:GetBucket	GET Bucket (List Objects)
name/cos:PutBucket	PUT Bucket
name/cos:DeleteBucket	DELETE Bucket

Actions on objects

Action	API
name/cos:GetObject	GET Object
name/cos:PutObject	PUT Object
name/cos:HeadObject	HEAD Object
name/cos:DeleteObject	DELETE Object

The following example specifies an action that is allowed:

"action": [
"name/cos:GetObject",
"name/cos:HeadObject"
]

Specifying a resource

The resource element describes one or multiple operation objects including COS buckets or objects. All the resources can be described using the following 6-segment format.

qcs:project_id:service_type:region:account:resource

The parameters are described as follows:

Parameter	Description	Required
qcs	Abbreviation of the qcloud service, which refers to Tencent Cloud services.	Yes
project_id	Project information, which is only used to enable compatibility with legacy CAM logic.	No
service_type	Abbreviation of the product such as COS.	Yes
region	Region information. For more information, see Regions & Endpoints supported by Tencent Cloud COS.	Yes
account	Root account information of the resource owner. Currently, uin or uid can be used to describe the resource owner. uin is the UIN of the root account. It is expressed in the format of uin/${OwnerUin}, for example, uin/100000000001. uid is the app ID of the root account. It is expressed in the format of uid/${appid}, for example, uid/1250000000. Currently, COS resource owners are all described using uid, i.e., the app ID of the root account.	Yes
resource	Detailed resource information. In COS, a resource is described using the bucket XML API access domain name.	Yes

The following example specifies the bucket examplebucket-1250000000.

"resource": ["qcs::cos:ap-guangzhou:uid/1250000000:examplebucket-1250000000/*"]

The following example specifies all objects in the /folder/ folder in the bucket examplebucket-1250000000.

"resource": ["qcs::cos:ap-guangzhou:uid/1250000000:examplebucket-1250000000/folder/*"]

The following example specifies the /folder/exampleobject object in the bucket examplebucket-1250000000.

"resource": ["qcs::cos:ap-guangzhou:uid/1250000000:examplebucket-1250000000/folder/exampleobject"]

Specifying a condition

The access policy language allows you to specify conditions when granting permissions, for example, to limit the access source of a user. Here is a list of supported conditional operators as well as general condition keys and examples.

Conditional Operator	Description	Condition Name	Example
Ip_equal	IP is equal to	qcs:ip	{"ip_equal":{"qcs:ip ":"10.121.2.0/24"}}
Ip_not_equal	IP is not equal to	qcs:ip	{"ip_not_equal":{"qcs:ip":["10.121.1.0/24","10.121.2.0/24"]}}

The following example allows access only to IPs in the 10.121.2.0/24 range.

"ip_equal":{"qcs:ip ":"10.121.2.0/24"}

The following example allows access only to the IPs 101.226.***.185 and 101.226.***.186.

"ip_equal": {
"qcs:ip": [
"101.226.***.185",
"101.226.***.186"
]
}

Sample

If, when the access source IPs are 101.226.***.185 and 101.226.***.186, the root account allows anonymous users to perform GET (download) and HEAD actions on the objects in the bucket examplebucket-1250000000 in South China, requiring no authentication. For more information, see Cases of Permission Setting.

{
"version": "2.0",
"principal": {
"qcs": [
"qcs::cam::anonymous:anonymous"
]
},
"statement": [
{
"action": [
"name/cos:GetObject",
"name/cos:HeadObject"
],
"condition": {
"ip_equal": {
"qcs:ip": [
"101.226.***.185",
"101.226.***.186"
]
}
},
"effect": "allow",
"resource": [
"qcs::cos:ap-guangzhou:uid/1250000000:examplebucket-1250000000.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/*"
]
}
]
}